Abstract
In this work, plant extract–metal ions hybrid nanoflowers (HNFs) were synthesized and their catalytic
and antimicrobial properties were examined. While the sweet and sour lemon peel extract (acquired in
boil water) and its primary elements were engaged as organic elements in the creation of NFs, copper
(II) ions (Cu2+) were the inorganic element. Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), Energy-Dispersive
X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy, and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FT-IR) were examined to
characterize the structures of the NFs. The structural examination showed that the existence of Cu–O
and Cu–N bonds in NFs can be a sign of the creation of NFs. Antimicrobial activities of the NFs were
systematically studied against Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923),
and Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922) with broth microdilution and short time-kill assay. The peroxidasemimicking
activity based on the NFs' Fenton-like response mechanism was assessed against guaiacol in
the presence of H2O2. The findings have shown that plant extract-based hybrid NFs technology is
promising and can find prospective applications in numerous technical areas.
