Abstract
The electrochemical properties and crystal structure of LiNi0.60Co0.22Mn0.18O2 treated by supersonic-waves in a Zn-containing solution were investigated by performing charge–discharge tests, X-ray diffraction (XRD), an inductively coupled plasma (ICP) analysis, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), transmission electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (TEM-EDX) and synchrotron powder XRD. Furthermore, the supersonic-wave bath solution was characterized by pH measurements. The electrochemical properties and crystal structure of LiNi0.60Co0.22Mn0.18O2 treated with supersonic-waves in a Zn-containing C2H5OH solution did not change from pristine. On the other hand, Zn2+ was partially substituted in the LiNi0.60Co0.22Mn0.18O2 treated with supersonic-waves in a Zn-containing aqueous solution. As a result of the ICP analysis of the supersonic-wave-treated samples and pH measurement of the supersonic-wave bath, the Li was dissolved in the supersonic-wave bath which contained H2O from the LiNi0.60Co0.22Mn0.18O2. This suggests that Li defects are the initial points of Zn substitution by the supersonic-wave treatment.
