Advanced positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries

Abstract

Highly efficient energy storage devices are essential for a sustainable society. Since the launch of lithium-ion batteries in 1991, optimization efforts over the past 30 years have significantly improved their performance, such as energy density, and they now occupy the largest share of the energy storage device market. However, LiCoO₂-based positive electrode materials face supply risks due to cobalt availability and have reached their performance limits, which inhibits further large-scale deployment. In this review, we summarize the recent progress in advanced positive electrode materials for lithium-ion batteries.