女子イスラーム教育における「近代性」の創出と展開

インドネシア・西スマトラ州のケース・スタディ

抄録

The purpose of this article is to analize the creation and development of the concept of “modernity” of “Madrasah”. In general, in Middle Eastern countries, “madrasah” means ordinary educational facilities. But in Indonesia, madrasah have appeared as a new and modern Islamic educational institution from the beginning of twentieth century. This article focuses on women's madrasah, “Diniyyah Puteri” as the pioneer example of madrasah. The creation and development of the concept of modernity are analyzed here.
In the aspect of the “creation” of modernity, a lot of characteristics of madrasah could be seen among, 1) the name of school, 2) type of architecture, 3) introduction of the concept of “curriculum” and academic year, 4) introduction of “general subjects”, 5) use of textbooks published in Middle Eastern countries and in Holland, 6) the educational philosophy know as “Ibu Pendidik”, 7) Muslim's uniform attempt to maintain women's prestige.
In relation to the “development” of modernity, the following features could be seen: 1) the activity of “Woman Role Development Service Unit (UP3W)” for adult women, 2) reorganization of madrasah as a formal education tool among Muslims, and the formation of a new network between madrasah and “sekolah”, accompanied by the develpoment of the national educational system.
In conclusion, madrasah have contributed to the creation of the modernity of Islamic education and have created dynamic, new educational phenomena. Moreover, the development of madrasah have very much influenced traditional Islamic institutions such as “Pesantren” and can be seen as changing the relationship between madrasah, sekolah, traditional Islamic schools, the mosque and the home.