Reform Movements of Public Examinations in India

the case of Haryana State

Abstract

In India, teaching has been subordinated to examinations since the middle of the 19th century, when modern school education was established by the British Government. Because of the strong emphasis on memorization in teaching methods, there are weaknesses in the assessment of essay-type examinations, and since the results of public examinations have long been used as the sole criterion for selection by higher education and by companies for employment, some serious ethical problems connected with examinations have been reported.