アリストテレス「形而上学」Γ.1.2における存在論についての一考察

抄録

According to Aristotle, philosophy is demanded to be both ontology and first philosophy. But how is this possible? We want to search for a clue to the solution of this problem. At the beginning of Met. V. 1, it is said that there is a science which investigates το ον η ον and τα τουτω υπαρχοντα καθ' αυτο. So, at first, referring to το ον η ον, we will consider the position of his ontology in relation to other sciences, and then we will consider to: τουτω υπαρχοντα καθ' αυτο. It will be noticed that ontology is distinguished from special and apodeictic sciences in that it is demanded to be a universal science. It is also distinguished from the dialectic in the Aristotelian sense in that it should be protology. Now, how is it possible for ontology to be a universal science, on the one hand, and protology, on the other? In order to answer this question, we must consider τα τουτω υπαρχοντα καθ' αυτο. Some examples are given in Γ. 2. In addition to them, however, we can collect other examples of τα τουτω υπαρχοντα καθ' αυτο also from these two sources: (1) the concepts which hold good for all categories(e.g. δυναμι&b.sigmav;, ενεργεια, το τι ην ειναι, αιτιον, etc.) and (2)the concepts which can be obtained through the λογοι of το καθ' auTo(e.g. αναγκαιον, καλον etc.). All the concepts collected in this way, together with those given in Γ. 2, hold good for all categories and are in that sense universals. These are indeed the principal concepts that constitute Aristotelian philosophy. But, if his ontology does nothing but investigate these concepts, it will satisfy only one of its necessary conditions; it will certainly be a universal science, but it is still lacking in the other necessary condition; that is, it is not protology at all. And as a result it becomes very similar to, and undistinguishable from, the dialectic. Then, how is it possible for his ontology to become protology? And moreover, how is it possible for it to proceed from protology to first philosophy? In orderto answer such questions, we will have to see what function those principal concepts perform in the context of the pursuit of ουαια.