Abstract
The review presented here concentrates on recent advances in observing in situ electrode/solution interfaces using a scanning tunneling microscope (STM) under potentiostatic control. In situ observation with the STM is important to gain insights into electrochemical processes at electrode/solution interfaces. The locally manufactured electrochemical STM apparatus/system is briefly described. Attention is then focused on the in situ observations of the under potential deposition (UPD) of metals, various structural changes and reconstructions induced electrochemically, adsorbates on electrode surfaces, and photoelectrochemical processes on semiconductor electrodes. Additionally presented are electrochemical micro-fabrication processes which use a scanning electrochemical microscopy, the topography of nonconducting surfaces using a scanning ion-conductance microscope, and studies of the UPD of Cu onto Au surfaces using an atomic force microscope.
