The origin of peroneal intraneural ganglion and the outcome of treatment are still controversial. Here we report three cases of peroneal intraneural ganglion and discuss the appropriate treatment. The patients, aged 58, 62, and 65 years, underwent surgery with extra neural decompression and epineurotomy within 19 months after onset of drop foot. After 1 year of follow-up, peroneal nerve paralysis had recovered in all patients, even in those with residual ganglion. For successful treatment of peroneal intraneural ganglion, we propose that correct early diagnosis, simple exoneural dissection and atraumatic epineurotomy are effective. For early diagnosis, clinicians should always be mindful of the possibility of this rare lesion.
