Abstract
An individual having a Theory of Mind (ToM) can read the minds of others. If we assume further that the individual considers each of them also to have a ToM, then there should be recursive structure here. We believe that emergence and evolution of this structure are deeply linked to the evolution of intelligence. We construct two computational models: an abstract model describing fitness landscapes interacting with each other and a concrete model describing physically-situated agents moving around avoiding collisions. We conduct evolutionary simulations using the concrete model in order to investigate the dynamics inherent in the mechanism of recursion. Several unexpected properties of recursion were found, including a significant difference in fitness between odd levels and even levels of recursion. This is due to the asymmetry between level 0 and 1 (without and with ToM). We also discuss an evolution scenario in which human beings have evolved the ToM.
