Various extrinsic and endogenous mediators are produced and released not only in the local injured and infected foci, but in the systemic circulation after surgical stress and sepsis. Recent progress of lipid research has figured out that lipid mediators have pleiotropic immunological properties and are associated with various disease pathophysiology. Therefore, lipid mediators can play a major role of regulating host responses after surgical stress and sepsis. In this review, we focused on important lipid mediators, including specialized proresolving lipid mediators and lysophospholipids, and discuss the role for surgical host responses from perspectives of clinical application.
