Abstract
Laboratory studies were conducted to evaluate removal of a seeded bacterial virus (MS2 phage) during coagulation (alum and ferric chloride) and direct filtration (coal and activated carbon) of raw settled wastewater as well as coal-sand dual-media filtration of alum coagulated wastewater. The effective system of wastewater treatment with a high degree of virus removal emerged as plain sedimentation followed by alum coagulation and dual-media coal-sand filtration. Alum was found to be superior to ferric chloride as a primary coagulant. Direct filtration of raw settled wastewater through activated carbon or coal did not remove the virus effectively.
