PHYTOGEOGRAPHICAL ELEMENTS OF THE LICHEN FLORA OF JAPAN

Abstract

  Sixteen phytogeographical elements are recognized in the lichen flora of Japan on the basis of their world distribution patterns, namely 1) holarctic, 2) bipolar, 3) alpine, 4) boreal, 5) Beringian, 6) eastern Asiatic-North American disjunctive, 7) northeast Asiatic, 8) pantemperate, 9) Sino-Japanese, 10) endemic, 11) pantropical, 12) paleotropical, 13) Indo-Malayan, 14) Pacific, 15) circum-Pacific, 16) Australian. Representative taxa belonging to each element are cited and their distributions are discussed in detail.