THE GENUS ORTHOTRICHUM HEDW. (MUSCI) IN AUSTRALASIA A TAXONOMIC REVISION

抄録

  The cosmopolitan genus Orthotrichum (Musci) is revised for Australasia. Nine species and three varieties are recognized: O. rupestre Schwaegr., O. rupestre var. papillosum Lewinsky nom. et stat. nov., O. tasmanicum Hook. f. & Wils., O. tasmanicum var. parvithecum (R. Brown ter.) Lewinsky comb. nov., O. graphiomitrium Beckett, O. hortense Bosw., O. sainsburyi Allison, O. cyathiforme R. Brown ter., O. cupulatum Brid., O. cupulatum var. austro-cupulatum (Dix. & Sainsb.) Lewinsky comb. nov., O. longithecum R. Brown ter., O. calvum Hook. f. & Wils.

  The history of the genus in New Zealand has been influenced by the local botanists, T.W.N. Beckett, R. Brown, who described 44 species, and W. Bell, and the German bryologist K. Müller. The latter also had the greatest impact on the history of Orthotrichum in Australia.

  The genus is found in New Zealand southwards from 38°S with a few scattered occurrences further north. In Australia it is restricted to southeastern N. S. W. incl. A. C. T., eastern Victoria and Tasmania. Five taxa are common to both countries, seven are endemic in New Zealand. Most of the species are epiphytes and grow on indigenous as well as introduced woody plants. O. cupulatum, O. rupestre and their varieties are mainly rupestral.

  The variation in leaf papillae height in O. rupestre supports the separation of var. papillosum from the type variety. The relationship between O. tasmanicum, O. graphiomtrium, O. firmum, O. arborescens, O. afro-fastigiatum, and O. striatum is supported by SEM studies of peristome ornamentation. O. tasmanicum var. parvithecum is a polysetose variety restricted to high rainfall areas.

  The taxonomic part of the paper includes a key to the species and varieties, descriptions, figures, distribution maps, list of specimens studied and lists of 290 New Zealand and 190 Australian localities in numerical and alphabetic order.