The Relationship between Jaw Function and Cognitive Function in the Elderly Population

Abstract

Tooth loss is one of the most important factors in preventing the development of dementia in aging societies. Although numerous studies focusing on this relationship have been conducted, few studies have investigated the relationship between oral function and the development of dementia. Therefore, in the present study, we examined the relationship between oral and cognitive functions in the elderly population. This study included 108 residents of Takatsuki City aged 65 years or older. We analyzed jaw function based on each individual’s tooth loss and periodontal condition. In addition, we used the Japanese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination and Trail Making Test (TMT) A/B to assess subjects’ cognitive function. Spearman’s rank-order correlation coefficient was used in the statistical analysis. There was a significant negative correlation between the number of teeth, maximum occlusal force, and scores on the TMT A and B times. There was also a significant negative correlation between the tongue pressure and the TMT A time. The present study’s results suggest that dental and hard tissues should be actively reconstructed in the elderly population to help prevent the development of dementia.