We encountered a case of a cervical and mediastinal hematoma after a stellate ganglion block (SGB) which had been performed on a 64-year-old man with trigeminal herpetic pain. Thirty minutes after the first SGB, he noticed a swelling on his neck, which worsened gradually. Computed tomography revealed a hematoma extending in the retropharyngeal space from the cervical to the mediastinal area. We removed the hematoma via a transcervical approach and performed a tracheostomy. He underwent decannulation 5 days after the operation, and was discharged from hospital 16 days postoperatively. A cervical and mediastinal hematoma occurring after an SGB is a rare complication, but it causes airway obstruction and necessitates emergency airway management.
