気道アレルギー疾患の精密医療

抄録

Access to genome and biomolecular information has enabled us to understand the causes and development pathophysiologic processes of various diseases in detail at the molecular level. Precision medicine refers to the appropriate medical treatment and personal medical care selected based on precise classification of the patient’s condition. In relation to individualized medicine in patients with allergic diseases, attempts have been made to identify biomarkers, genetic factors, relationships with environmental factors, and phenotypes for the selection of appropriate individualized therapies. Evidence from large-scale biological databases, proteomics, metabolomics, genomics, and diverse cellular assays is needed to precisely characterize patients for selecting tailor-made treatments. Herein, we summarize the indications for treatments such as macrolide, antibiotics, mepolizumab, benralizumab, omalizumab, dupulimab, lebrikizumab, and tezepelumab. Also, we have indicated the phenotypes suitable for treatment with histamine H₁ receptor antagonists, leukotriene receptor antagonists, and intranasal corticosteroids among patients with allergic rhinitis, and discussed the phenotypes, endotypes, and the possibility of precision medicine for patients with allergic airway diseases, including bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis and rhinosinusitis, often encountered in clinical practice, as “One airway, one disease”.