マレーシアにおける日系企業の立地選択

―日系製造業企業95社に対するアンケート調査に基づく分析―

抄録

The purpose of this study is to clarify the difference of factors that affect location choice of Japanese companies and discuss its implications on economic disparities among states and development policies in Malaysia. It was found that, in spite of the efforts of the Malaysian government to reduce the regional disparity of primary aspects as infrastructures and industrial estates, the location of Japanese companies didn't change in the process of industrialization. Factors preventing their decentralization can be attributed not to differences of infrastructures, or “physical location conditions” but to the concentration of customer-companies and high-skilled/trained laborers, or “location conditions of higher dimensions” to some developed states.

The analysis is mainly based on the Canonical Discrimination Analysis using the data obtained from postal questionnaire on the degree of satisfaction on several factors to 95 Japanese manufacturing companies conducted from September 2002 to February 2003. Based on the analysis it is shown that, though low costs of labor and land were low enough to attract the Japanese companies not only to the main three states as Selangor, Penang and Johore but also to other states, its equalizing impact was not enough to dominate the inequalizing impact of the concentration of customers and well-trained laborers to the former. The Government policies were also not effective to decentralization of companies.

Development of local related companies and well-trained laborers as well as systematization of taxation systems will contribute to attract Japanese companies to less developed regions and lower economic disparities among regions.