「下からの」人類学的開発援助

―チリにおける地域リハビリテーションの実践から―

抄録

Practicing anthropological development aid means to face the people (all the people involved in the development, including myself when the connection comes around) through the shelving and/or inspection of what is systemized, orderly classified or conceptualized without taking it at face value. That inevitably leads to considering how systematization and conceptualization of the disadvantaged was done by the powerful and what condition and structure underlies such formation. For such considerations, attention must be given to all trivial everyday happenings— ‘anthropology from the bottom perspective’. The ‘bottom perspective’ does not limit its meaning to a consideration from the bottom of the economic strata. It also indicates considerations of everyday conditions and the real perceptions on hand, by capturing the diverse context of the person's life regardless of authority, class, position or occupation. For anthropologists who just begin their process of becoming experts in the field by coming to the development site, it is not easy to become familiar with the development field. This is due to the uncertainty of whether they can produce outstanding achievements during the pre-determined aid period. In that respect, anthropologists often feel distanced from other experts and practitioners involved in the development. However, as long as all practices are based on the hope for the happiness of the people who are the subjects of development, no one can be singled out as not being correct. Even when individuals with diverse ‘manners’ happen to be together, that distance should be converted to productive conflicting perspectives, which are resources towards producing better results. ‘Anthropological knowledge from the bottom perspective’ can grasp and translate the condition of all actors in the development aid. It is presumed as one means of resolving regrettable misunderstandings that tend to occur at the field site of development aid. In this study, the author verifies these hypotheses through his experience with CBR practice.