脱植民地主義は国際教育開発の倫理か

―多元世界論とボリビア―

抄録

This paper examines whether decoloniality can serve as an ethical basis for international educational development by analyzing Arturo Escobar's pluriverse theory and Bolivia's educational policies under President Evo Morales. The authors explore the challenges and implications of applying decolonial principles to international development.

The pluriverse theory critiques the global dominance of Western modernity, development, and capitalism, advocating for localized, community-based systems of knowledge and autonomy, along with “Vivir Bien”, a collective well-being concept rooted in indigenous traditions. Bolivia integrated this concept into its policies, advancing educational reforms that respect the languages and cultures of indigenous peoples. However, the policy of decolonization, which aimed to integrate indigenous values and traditions, faced challenges from the urban social elite and created friction with international educational development.

The authors point out that while the pluriverse theory and Bolivia's efforts function as an ethical critique of international educational development, they also highlight three issues, suggesting that decolonization should not be simply regarded as a desirable ethics. First, decolonization might act as an internal moral force that suppresses dissenting voices within a community or nation, potentially stifling internal diversity. Second, by justifying the decline of international educational development, decolonization might leave educational gaps unaddressed, with replacements driven by market forces rather than democratic values. Third, the concept of Vivir Bien is often vague and open to political manipulation, raising concerns about imposing a singular, essentialist vision of collective life.

The authors conclude that while decoloniality offers valuable critiques of mainstream international educational development, it cannot fully serve as its ethical basis. International educational development as an outside world for a vernacular community should adopt a reflective and critical approach that not only values local autonomy but prevents internal oppression.