有機系廃棄物の油化

セルロースの水素化分解

抄録

In an attempt to convert urban organic wastes to gas and oil, hydrocracking of cellulose as a model substance was studied, using a batch autoclave, to determine the active catalyst and to elucidate the effects of reaction conditions on the hydrocracking and properties of hydrocracked products. As the results, Na₂CO₃-NiO (1: 2) mixed catalyst was f ound to be most active for the hydrocracking, among metal oxides and metal chloride tested, under the presence of the same amount of water as that of the sample. In the presence of this mixed catalyst and water, cellulose was hydrocracked effectively to gas and oils above the temperature of 250°C at the initial hydrogen pressure of 50 kg/cm². The conversion into ethanol-solubles of cellulose was nearly 100 wt% at 350°C for 3 hrs. under the initial hydrogen pressure of 50kg/cm². As the hydrocracked products, 27 wt% of gaseous product and about 30 wt% of oily products, which were composed of water-soluble components and water-insoluble components, were obtained. The gaseous product consisted of CH₄ (49.9mol%), C₂H₆ (2.8mol%), C₃H₈ (3.1mol%), C₄H₁₀ (2.1mol%), CO (9.8mol%) and CO₂ (32.0mol%) and the heat of combustion was about 9, 000 Kcal/Nm³. The water-soluble aldehyde, methyl ethyl confirmed to be acetone, acetaldehyde, ethanol, propanol, propion components were ether, cyclopentanone, butanol, cyclohexanone and cyclopentanol.
The water-insoluble oily products were found to be composed with a number of components and its combustion heat was about 7, 000 Kcal/Kg.