インドネシア近代化と元賠償留学生のライフヒストリー

抄録

The purpose of this study is, firstly, to clarify the admissions system of Indonesian students under the Reparations Agreement signed between Japan and Indonesia in 1958, and secondly, to paint life-histories of these students based upon interviews conducted during a two-month stay in Indonesia in July and September, 2017, and between February and March, 2018 with seventeen informants.
These students’ mission was to acquire knowledge of the newest technology as well as to learn the origin of and discover the reasons for the rapid economic development of Japan after the Second World War, for the purpose of founding the new independent state of Indonesia and for the modernization of that country.
After 1960, the Japanese government admitted a total of 389 students, eighty percent of whom were science majors and twenty percent humanities majors. These students learned mainly Japanese language for one year, and, after that, were admitted for four more years of study to national and private universities according to their major.
This research is based on the cooperation of seventeen ex-student informants who were introduced through PERSADA (An association of Indonesian alumni of Japanese universities) in Jakarta, Indonesia. The survey emphasizes interviews, rather than employing macro or quantitative methods.
While staying in Japan, these students learnt not only new technology, but also gained many opportunities to observe Japanese society. Meanwhile, in the Indonesian motherland, political and financial confusion—for example, the 9/30 Incident against the communists which tipped the balance of political power from Sukarno to Suharto, had been occurring throughout the 1960s. As a result, these students sometimes were not all able to successfully or smoothly resume life after returning to their mother country.
Findings of this research are as follows;
 1) The admissions system of Indonesian students under the Reparations Agreement had been spearheaded mainly by Dr Kusnaeni and Dr H.Enoch Amangku, who had both studied at Japanese universities.
 2) Informants emphasized that it is important for Indonesia to develop discipline such as that found in Japanese society for the purpose of founding the independent new state of Indonesia as well as for its modernization. A lack of discipline and ethics causes delays in national development, widespread corruption, decline of the will to work, and so on. Even now Indonesians are suffering from such delays.
 3) In addition, after the passing of more seventy years since Independence in 1945, even today it is still the case that Indonesia continues to suffer from conflict between traditional values (Islam, Adat) and modernization.
 4) Darma Persada University, established in 1986, was founded by graduates of Japanese universities, mainly former Indonesian students under the Reparations Agreement who have since been pouring their energy into developing ties between Japan and Indonesia.