On the combustibility and approachable distance of trees to fire

Abstract

This paper includes the following articles.
1. Experiments on combustibility of fresh leaves under various heat-calories and various duration of radiation.
Tested specics: Cinnamomum Camphora Nees et Eberm., Euonymus japonicus Thumb., Ginkgo biloba L., Quercus glauca Thumb. and Shiia Sieboldi Makino.
Heating resource: combustion furnace.
Calorie meter: radiation thermopile of Moll type.
Results obtained are to be seen in Fig. 2 & 3.
2. A practical solution to estimate calories of pouring heat on leaves in various stands and situations to the fire, applying the solid-angle projection method.
3. The approachable distance of trees to the fire, that is, the tree's maximum approachable distance of wooden houses on fire in the standard burning course, without the danger of taking fire,
(1) in front of the endlessly wide flame, and finitely wide flame.
(2) in the windward and lee ward.
(3) corresponding to the height.
The approachable distance is shown in Fig. 12.