Hardness measurements, Laue method X-ray diffraction and high resolution electron microscopy were made on Al-4%Cu-1.5%Mg alloy (Al-S pseudo-binary alloy). The alloy is extremely age-hardened in the temperature range 0° to 200°C even at low temperatures 0° to 50°C. Both the rate of initial hardening and maximum hardness depend on such quenching conditions as water quenching, direct quenching and step quenching. The extremely high age-hardenability is caused by fine G.P.B. zones which are separated into two types, i.e. G.P.B. (1) zones in the initial stage of aging and G.P.B. (2) zones in the later stage. The former has the structure of random atomic arrangements within the zone, and the latter is considered to have the structure of highly ordered atomic arrangements.