Long time brazeability of a 3004 aluminum alloy was improved by the heat treatment at about 270°C for 20 to 168 h. The improvement was mainly explained by the coarsening of recrystallized grain size after brazing in a 3004 base metal. In finer grains, molten filler metal spread widely on the base metal surface and the erosion depth was also larger than that in coarse grains. Therefore, the fillet once formed disappeared. Both the wide spread of the filler metal and the deep erosion in the base metal were the main reason for the fillet size reduction. Base metals appropriately heat treated maintained large fillet after brazing at 600°C for 60min.