Abstract
Using rats as experimental animals, the authors obtained evidence that in the hypoglycemic condition, foods, scents and music affect physiological phenomena via changes in autonomic neurotransmissions. Intracranial injection of 2-deoxy-D-glucose, an inhibitor of glucose metabolism, excited sympathetic nerves innervating the pancreas, liver and adrenal gland, elevating blood glucose. L-carnosine which is synthesized in muscles, was released into the blood during exercise and inhibited sympathetic nerves innervating the pancreas, liver, kidney and adrenal gland, reducing the blood pressure and the blood glucose levels. Olfactory stimulation with the scent of grapefruit oil excited sympathetic nerves innervating the white and brown fats, adrenal gland and kidney, increasing lipolysis, body temperature, the blood glucose and blood pressure levels, and suppressed the gastric parasympathetic nerve, lowering appetite and the body weight. However, olfactory stimulation with the scent of lavender oil inhibited sympathetic nerves innervating the white and brown fats, adrenal gland and kidney, decreasing lipolysis, body temperature, the blood glucose and blood pressure levels, and enhanced the gastric parasympathetic nerve, increasing appetite and body weight. Acuostic stimulation with the music of Traumerei inhibited the renal sympathetic nerve and lowered the blood pressure. There were diurnal rhythms in these responses and lesions of the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN), a master circadian clock, or histamine receptor blockers eliminated these responses. With respect to lactobacilli, intestinal injection of Lactobacillus Johnsonii La1 (NCC533) suppressed sympathetic nerves innervating the adrenal gland and kidney, lowering the blood glucose and blood pressure levels, and facilitated the gastric parasympathetic nerve elevating appetite and the body weight. Intestinal injection of Lactobacillus paracasei ST11 (NCC2461) excited sympathetic nerves innervating the white and brown fats and adrenal gland increasing lipolysis, and body temperature, and suppressed the gastric parasympathetic nerve reducing appetite and body weight. Infradiaphragmatic vagotomy eliminated the suppression of renal sympathetic nerve activity by NCC533, but did not affect excitation of the renal sympathetic nerve by NCC2461. Moreover, lesions of the SCN or a histamine H3-receptor antagonist, thioperamide, eliminated the suppression of renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure, the enhancement of the gastric parasympathetic nerve induced by NCC533; and a histamine H1-receptor antagonist, diphenhydramine, abolished elevations of renal sympathetic nerve activity and blood pressure due to NCC2461. These facts suggest that the SCN and histamine neurons are involved in the effects of these lactobacilli on autonomic nerves and physiological phenomena.
