Intestinal Bacteria and Breast Cancer
2021 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 155-163
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2021 Volume 35 Issue 3 Pages 155-163
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women, and the lifetime risk of the disease continues to increase every year in Japan. Treatment is based on the subtype classifications of Luminal A, Luminal B, Her2-enriched, and triple-negative, which are characterized by estrogen, progesterone, and HER2 receptors, Ki67, and histological grade. Risk factors for breast cancer include genetic factors, hormone replacement therapy, lifestyle, diet, age, age at menarche and menopause, and mammary gland density, and other risk factors, including regional and racial differences. However, these factors do not explain all cases of breast cancer. In recent years, the human microbiota has attracted much attention in various fields, including tumor biology. A dynamic and highly complex network exists between the human host and the microbiota, which is involved in regulating a variety of signaling pathways, including the E-cadherin- β -catenin pathway, DNA double-strand breaks, promotion of apoptosis, and induction of inflammatory signaling pathways through interaction with changes in cell differentiation. The interaction between the human microbiome and cancer is referred to as the “oncobiome,” and the human host is also believed to influence the microbiota and its mechanisms. In breast cancer, the link to Intestinal bacteria is gaining attention, and both pre-clinical and clinical types of research have been conducted. The microbiome is a risk factor for breast cancer and has also been associated with the therapeutic effects of drugs. It has been suggested that disruption of the commensal microbiota may lead to an imbalance in the microbiota, which in turn may lead to the development of cancer. It has also been reported that there are differences between healthy individuals and breast cancer patients in the constituent flora and abundance of the microbiome in breast tissue. In this section, we will discuss intestinal bacteria and breast cancer based on recent findings and future prospects.
