Abstract
In order to study the evaporation of manganese, copper and tin from molten iron, Fe-Mn, Fe-C-Mn, Fe-Cu and Fe-Sn alloys were melted at 1600°C under vacuum for 5, 10, 15 and 20 minutes by using a high frequency induction furnace. For the initial 10 or 15 minutes, the rates of loss of the alloying elements followed the first-order kinetics, and the following specific evaporation constants were obtained:
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From these values, the ratios CS⁄Cm of surface concentrations to the bulk concentrations were calculated for manganese, copper and tin according to the equations derived by Ward. The values of CS⁄Cm are as follows:
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The evaporation coefficient α and the distribution coefficient k which were derived by Olette and Fischer, respectively, were obtained experimentally, and also theoretically calculated according to their equations. In the case of Fe-Mn and Fe-Cu alloys, the theoretical value of α is greater than the experimental one. Generally in the melting for 5 minutes, the theoretical value of k is smaller than the experimental one. When the ratio CS⁄Cm is introduced into the coefficients α and k, the calculated values of the evaporation coefficient and the distribution coefficient are close to the experimental values.
