Abstract
This paper describes crystallographically the cutting mechanism in cutting a single crystall of Al with a conical shape tool. A milling machine was used in the experiment. The tool was fastened to a steel wheel mounted on an arbor and the workpiece was set on the table. Only one circular arc groove was formed on a surface of Al single crystall (001) or (011). Effects of the crystal orientation on cutting forces and the deformation are studied.
Main results obtained are as follows:
(1) Cutting forces varied depending upon the crystall orientation; when (001) plane was cut in the direction of [110], they are large. In case of (011)[100] and (011)[01\bar1], they are small. In other cases, they are medium.
(2) If the cutting direction was crystallographically unsymmetrical, the deformation was unsymmetrical and the side force (FS) occurred.
(3) When the cutting direction was (001)[110], the cutting efficiency (γ) took a maximum value of about 0.6 and in other case it was 0.2-0.4.
(4) According to the obsevation of deformed zone around the tool by the quick-stop technic of cutting, there were three types of deformation corresponding to the relative orientation between crystal and cutting direction;
(a) Type in which the displaced material is separated into the right and the left against the cutting direction.
(b) Type in which the displaced material is put aside either to the right side or to the left one.
(c) Type in which the displaced material is concentrated in front of the tool.
