Activity Measurements of Liquid Bi-In Alloys by E.M.F. Method Using Zirconia Solid and Fused Salt Electrolytes

Abstract

The values of emf of the following cells involving solid and fused salt electrolytes have been measured in order to obtain the standard free energy of formation of In₂O₃ in the temperature range from 875 to 1275 K and the thermodynamic data on the liquid Bi-In system for N_In=0.16-0.89 and N_In=0.09-0.87, in the temperature ranges from 877 to 1269 and from 950 to 1200 K, respectively:
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The standard free energy of formation of In₂O₃ was determined as the following equation:
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Activities of indium and bismuth by both galvanic cell methods show negative deviations from Raoult’s law over the whole concentration range and the a_In values agree well with the data measured by Niwa et al. and Terpilowski.
The activities of both components for the Sb-In system exhibit more negative deviations than those for the Bi-In system, suggesting the larger affinity of indium for antimony than that for bismuth. The peak values of the heat of mixing by emf method using zirconia solid electrolytes is −2.08 kJ/mol at about N_In=0.56.