Pregnancy and childbirth experiences of foreign Muslim women in Japanese obstetric care facilities: A qualitative study

Abstract

Purpose

To clarify foreign Muslim women's experiences of pregnancy and childbirth in Japan and offer suggestions to improve midwifery care.

Methods

A qualitative descriptive study was conducted with three foreign Muslim women who had experienced pregnancy and childbirth in Japan. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews using an interview guide and analyzed qualitatively and inductively.

Results

Foreign Muslim women who chose to give birth in Japan relied on the reputation of Japanese and fellow Muslims “choosing a safe and secure birth facility”. They “were puzzled by the differences from their home countries” in various aspects such as childbirth and nursing practices, language, and medical personnel's response, and “followed religious norms through trial and error”. The women, at this critical stage of their lives, repeatedly struggled with accepting the fact that they could not follow their faith in the best possible manner. Finally, they compromised came to terms with it, and followed the process of “flexible interpretation of norms to fit their current situation”. They were also “grateful that their needs were met”, including a safe delivery for both mother and child and adherence to religious norms.

Conclusion

This study identified five core categories of foreign Muslim women's experiences of pregnancy and childbirth in Japan: choosing a safe and secure birth facility, being puzzled by the differences from their home countries, following religious norms through trial and error, flexible interpretation of norms to fit their current situation, and feeling grateful that their needs were met. Based on the evidence, to improve midwifery care for Muslim women, it is necessary to provide safe and secure care while demonstrating expertise and understanding of Muslim women's religious conflicts and the anxiety and confusion common to expectant foreign mothers. It is also essential to respect their culture and values, which includes their religious beliefs. In sum, it is necessary to provide care that considers the individuality and diversity of Muslim women, thereby ensuring them a positive childbirth experience.