Abstract
This study investigated why middle-aged Japanese men face so many difficulties with unemployment. In-depth individual interviews and a group interview were conducted to examine the experiences of unemployed middle-aged men. The study focused on their connections to companies and society. Based on qualitative analyses, a process model of unemployment was created which consisted of 3 stages: (1) absorption into the company and consequent loss after termination, (2) a succession of alienations from society, and (3) reconnection to society in many areas. These findings suggested four reasons why unemployed middle-aged Japanese men experience difficulties: (1) too much dependence on the company, (2) loss of company life, (3) exclusion and isolation from society, and (4) gradual loss of connection to society occurring in various phases. The study concluded with a discussion of the effects of difficulties due to unemployment on men's later lives.
