Abstract
Macro-behavioral Patterns (MBP) shown by a crowd of pedestrians walking on a large crosswalk was measured in terms of two indexes-“entropy index”represented the degree to which walking paths of individual pedestrians converged in a limited number of walking belts, and“flux index”represented the average flow of pedestrians in a belt. Theoretically, MBP is established more firmly when the entropy index is small and the flux index is large. Fluctuations of the indexes adequately reflected the results obtained from independent observations of crowd behavior. Individual behavior leading to MBP was further examined in a laboratory experiment. The results suggested that the accidental simultaneous occurrence of specific behaviors by a few individuals provided the potential for the subsequent development of MBP, and this was followed by a stage where increasing numbers of individuals adapted their behavior to the developing MBP.
