Abstract
Close examinations of 3 forms of Bregmaceros nectabanus Whitley showed that the Southeast Atlantic and Indo-Malayan form and the Fiji Islands form are clearly distinct from the true B.nectabanus (Toyama Bay form) in principal caudal fin ray (14 vs.13) and in appearance of the abdomen (pigmented vs.not pigmented).The SE Atlantic and Indo-Malayan form is described as a new species, B.neonectabanus. The Fiji Is.form, differing from the new species only in the arrangement of chromatophores, is left for further study.The new species was collected from Japanese waters.
