The purpose of this study is to evaluate the incidence, risk factors and postoperative nausea and vomiting (PONV) in patients who underwent orthognathic surgery.
The subjects were 139 patients aged 17-52 years (47 males and 92 females) who underwent orthognathic surgery in the Hokkaido University Hospital from January 2001 to December 2003. Ninety-four Sagittal splitting ramus osteotomy (SSRO), 34 Le Fort I osteotomy and SSRO (Le Fort I+SSRO), and 11 surgically assisted rapid palatal expansion (SARPE) were performed. Anesthesia was maintained with sevoflurane and nitrous oxide in oxygen. There were no cases of maxillomandibular fixation. The factors investigated included age, gender, type of surgery, amount of bleeding, operation time, anesthesia time, anesthesia induction drugs, fentanyl dose and incidence of PONV. A statistical study was performed using logistic regression analysis to confirm the statistical significance among age, gender, amount of bleeding, operation time, anesthesia time, difference of anesthesia induction drugs, fentanyl dose, and incidence of PONV. A Chi-square test for independence was used to confirm the statistical significance between the type of surgery and incidence of PONV. Differences were considered significant for a P<.05.
Nausea was observed in 44.6% females and 17.1% males. The incidence of nausea was significantly higher in females. A significantly higher amount of vomiting was observed in 23.5% of Le Fort I+SSRO compared with 7.4% of SSRO and 9.1% of SARPE. Statistically significant differences for vomiting were also noted in the operation time and anesthesia time.
