Quantitative regional myocardial blood flow can be assessed noninvasively using 0-15 labeled water and positron emission tomography (PET). Since PET device provides regional radioactivity distribution in vivo, mathematical modeling based on a compartment model provides estimation of physiological myocardial perfusion. Validity of this technque has been demonstrated by several investigators independently, and this technique has already been applied to clinical research, demonstrating unique findings in a number of research areas. PET is thus a unique technique that is able to provide bio physiological fundamental functions in human.