The objective of this study is to examine the influence of head cooling on human psychological and physiological responses during long-time bathing, and to evaluate whether fanning or a water pillow is more suitable for head cooling. In reference to the results, the scores of thermal comfort were improved by fanning at 20, 25, 30℃, and a significant difference was recognized in comparison with the control. In addition, head cooling maintained the thermal comfort for a longer time by inhibiting a rise of the oral temperature, skin temperature of the cooling parts and the non-immersed parts, and sweating. Therefore, we demonstrated that fanning to the face is the most suitable method to achieve head cooling while bathing.
