抗微生物薬適正使用にかかわる薬学的介入；

pharmacokinetics / pharmacodynamicsの臨床応用

抄録

The pharmacokinetics (PK)/pharmacodynamics (PD) theory has attracted attention in the treatment of infectious diseases. Drug concentrations and effects vary among patients for any given dose. A goal of population PK and PD is to identify patient-specific factors, such as weight, age, creatinine clearance (CCR), and disease and determine their associations with the observed PK/PD differences. Once associated with differences in drug concentrations or response, these distinguishing factors may then be used to better individualize drug therapy.
This review summarizes our evaluation of the PK/PD analysis as follows:
1)We investigated the compatibility of various carbapenem antibiotics with nafamostat mesilate for severe acute pancreatitis (SAP). Biapenem and doripenem, which exert their effects in a time-dependent manner, can be infused for prolonged periods for the treatment of SAP and other severe infections.
2)The population PK on tazobactam/piperacillin (PIPC) was analyzed in Japanese patients with community-acquired pneumonia using the Nonlinear Mixed Effect Model version VI. Analysis using the one-compartment model yielded the following results for PIPC: total clearance (L/h) = 8.22 + (CCR - 71.4) × 0.0561, distribution volume (L) = 13.7.
3)We found a positive relationship between the decrease in serum potassium levels and the liposomal Amphotericin B (L-AMB) dose. Logistic regression analysis of this relationship revealed that serum potassium levels tended to decrease on Days 5 to 6 of L-AMB administration.