Understanding the Characteristics of ADHD

Abstract

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is characterized mainly by hyperactivity, impulsiveness, and carelessness. Diagnoses are based on 3 cardinal symptoms included in DSM-Ⅴ. However, each of these symptoms varies markedly depending on the patient’s age ; therefore, it should be taken into consideration when making a diagnosis. Concerning differential diagnosis, it is particularly important to differentiate ADHD from autism spectrum disorder, which is challenging. Regarding treatment and support, psychosocial treatment is prioritized in which the following 4 domains are combined : environmental adjustment, psychosocial support for parents, psychosocial treatment of children, and cooperation with relevant specialized organizations (e. g., schools). If necessary, pharmacotherapy is performed, in which methylphenidate sustained-release tablets and/or atomoxetine are indicated, but they should be used with caution.