精神分裂病の研究 I 情動音声の認知構造について

村上 千恵子; 村上 宣寛

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.46.121

EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF SCHIZOPHRENIA I

COGNITIVE STRUCTURE OF EMOTIONALLY EXPRESSED VOICES

CHIEKO MURAKAMI, YOSHIHIRO MURAKAMI

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1975 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 121-131

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.46.121

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Published: September 30, 1975 Received: August 08, 1974 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : After the brief review of theories in the study of the schizophrenia examined from the psychophysiological, sociopathological and psychological viewpoints, we have realized that it is necessary to deal more with the study of cognitive structure of the schizophrenic patients and that the verbal function might have played an important role in their cognition.
Rather complex verbal stimuli, as variables, were used: Two, one word sentence “father” and “mother” with 15 different emotional expressions were used as stimuli by both male and female announcers. Each 60 variables on Table 1 has, therefore, three implications to be responded: emotion, sex difference and connotation of the word. For instance, variable 1 implies that the word “mother” was pronounced in a happy tone by female announcer. These variables were rated by 29 normal students and 22 schizophrenic patients on 5 monopolar rating scale (Fig. 1). A d-index and a factor analysis which has been traditionally used were used in order to analyze the data obtained from two groups, they are the normals and the schizophrenics.
Results are shown in Table 1 and Figs. 2-1, 2-2, 3-1, 3-2, 4-1 and 4-2. Four factors were represented by the normals and 3 factors by the schizophrenics. Because of the statistical properties of principal component method used, Factor 1 showed considerably high loadings with whole variables by two groups, the normals and the schizophrenics. The result seems to reflect the general emotional tones. On Factor 2, a little difference was found between the two. The normals showed high loadings (<0.5) with variables 26, 28, 46, 48, 50, 3, 15, 17, 19, 55 and 56 and the patients showed high with variables 26, 28, 44, 46, 48, 49, 50, 52, 3, 4, 9, 15, 17, 19 and 53. This result seems to be attributed to the influence of pleasant-unpleasant voices and voices of different sex. On Factor 3 high loadings (>0.3) with variables 19, 50, 52, 24, 37, 38, 39 and 40 with the normals and variables 28, 48 and 52 with the patients were found to be a considerable difference between the two. Factor 4 represented only the normals showing high loadings (>0.3) with variables 4, 15 and 56.
From the above mentioned analysis, a hypothesis regarding the cognition was made as follows: The cognition is the information processing which refers to the relationship of input and output processes of internal and external stimuli to the organism. Cognition consists of 2 levels: the first levels concerns the process of analysis of information and the second one concerns the process of reinterpretation of the information. The small variances among individuals on the former and the greater variances on the latter will be assumed. And the factors found as the result of analysis represent 2 dimensions, namely stimulus content and subject content. The stimulus-dimension relates to the first levels and the subject-dimension relates to the second levels. It is supposed, therefore, that Factors 1 and 2 represent the former and Factors 3 and 4 represent the latter.
On account of difference of number we were unable to analyze the individual cases further. It is concluded, however, that the schizophrenia seems to have a very rigid character. And on the basis of hypothesis it can be said that though the two, the normals and the schizophrenics, are similar on the first levels of cognition, the patients are quite different from the normals on the second levels as was shown for “anger” variables. They tend not to respond to subject-dimension.
Though the hypothesis seems to be partly supported, further examination is needed in order to make it valid.
Right : The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive structure of the schizophrenic patients. Two, one word sentence, “father” and “mother”, with 15 different emotional expressions were given by both male and female announcers as verbal stimuli. Stimuli were judged by 29 normal students and 22 schizophrenic patients on 5 monopolar rating scales. Using both d-index and factor analysis, 4 factors were found. With Factor 1 no difference between the normals and the patients was found. With Factor 2 a little difference was found between the two, and with Factor 3 a great difference was found. Factor 4 was responded only by the normals. Considering the hypothesis states there are 2 stages in the cognition, the schizophrenic character was found on the second stage of the process where the reinterpretation of the information was made.

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the cognitive structure of the schizophrenic patients. Two, one word sentence, “father” and “mother”, with 15 different emotional expressions were given by both male and female announcers as verbal stimuli. Stimuli were judged by 29 normal students and 22 schizophrenic patients on 5 monopolar rating scales. Using both d-index and factor analysis, 4 factors were found. With Factor 1 no difference between the normals and the patients was found. With Factor 2 a little difference was found between the two, and with Factor 3 a great difference was found. Factor 4 was responded only by the normals. Considering the hypothesis states there are 2 stages in the cognition, the schizophrenic character was found on the second stage of the process where the reinterpretation of the information was made.

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