系列学習における体制化と転移

太田 信夫

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.46.132

ORGANIZATION AND ITS TRANSFER EFFECTS IN SERIAL VERBAL LEARNING

NOBUO OHTA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1975 Volume 46 Issue 3 Pages 132-141

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.46.132

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Published: September 30, 1975 Received: September 20, 1974 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : We can use different strategies for the learning of a serial list. Generally either the chaining strategy or the serial position strategy may be used at the early stage of serial learning and organization strategy may be used only then. The organizational structure formed by using the organization strategy may be strengthened as the serial learning proceeds. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the effect of the organizational structure on some transfer situations.
Ss learned two kinds of serial lists in the experimental condition. The first list was composed of ten meaningful items. The second list was composed of five meaningful items taken from the first list and new five meaningful items. In the control condition Ss learned a list unrelated to the second list of the experimental condition and then the same list as the second list learned by the experimental Ss. Eighty students individually served as Ss. They were randomly assigned to the experimental and control groups. Each of these groups was divided into four groups each having the different degrees of the first-list learning. The degrees of learning were defined in terms of four kinds of criterion: 1/2 perfect trial, one perfect trial, three successive perfect trials and five successive perfect trials. The organization is here meant by the degrees of the first-list learning. Thus the design of this experiment can be summarized as a 2×4 factorial (N=10 per cell).
The result supported the hypothesis which stated that negative transfer increased with the strengthening of the organization of the first-list learning and then decreased with the more strengthening of it. The amount of transfer as the result is presented in Fig. 1 which displays a U-shaped curve. We interpreted the U-shaped curve as manifestations of two functions: interference and list-differentiation. Under the condition of the moderate organization of the first-list learning, the organization interferes with second-list learning. Namely the experimental Ss must modify the organization to perform the second-list learning. Under the condition of the excessive organization of the first-list learning, the second list is differentiated from the first-list. Namely the experimental Ss learn the second list without the influence of the first-list and so the inferiority of the experimental Ss in comparison to the control Ss lessens. This may be the explanation of the U-shaped curve that appears on the ordinate of the amount of transfer and on the abscissa of the degree of the first-list learning.
As an additional by-product we obtained an interesting result which indicates that a negative transfer effect appears at the earlier stage of the second-list learning under the strong organization formed during the first-list learning and at the later stage of the second-list learning under the weak organization formed during the first-list learning.
Right : When we learn a serial list by using the organization strategy, the organizational structure may be strengthened as the serial learning proceeds. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the effect of the organization of the first learning on the second learning (transfer task). Ss were divided into 4 groups having the different degrees of the first-list learning, each meeting the criterions: 1/2 perfect trial, 1 perfect trial, 3 successive perfect trials and 5 successive perfect trials. The result sufficiently supported the hypothesis that negative transfer appeares in a U-shaped curve. Amount of negative transfer increased with the strengthening of the organization of the first learning and then decreased with the more strengthening of it.

Abstract

When we learn a serial list by using the organization strategy, the organizational structure may be strengthened as the serial learning proceeds. The purpose of the present study is to clarify the effect of the organization of the first learning on the second learning (transfer task). Ss were divided into 4 groups having the different degrees of the first-list learning, each meeting the criterions: 1/2 perfect trial, 1 perfect trial, 3 successive perfect trials and 5 successive perfect trials. The result sufficiently supported the hypothesis that negative transfer appeares in a U-shaped curve. Amount of negative transfer increased with the strengthening of the organization of the first learning and then decreased with the more strengthening of it.

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