認知と防衛 (V) 自己認知と外界認知の相補性, 並行性

矢吹 省司

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.46.207

COGNITION AND DEFENSE (V)

RECIPROCAL OR PARALLEL RELATIONS BETWEEN THE SELF-COGNITION AND THE COGNITION OF OUTER WORLD

SHOJI YABUKI

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1975 Volume 46 Issue 4 Pages 207-215

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.46.207

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Published: November 30, 1975 Received: March 14, 1975 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : A series of photographs, based on each of the Blacky Pictures and arranged in 14 stages from the vaguest to the clearest, was prepared. These photographs were used as test materials to measure the perceptual sensitivity and the cognitive styles, i.e., emotional vs. neutral styles. Main themes recognized in these photographs were as follows:
Cartoon I; “suckling” (Af),
Cartoon II; “aggression” (Ag), “holding” (N), “a collar” (N),
Cartoon III; “two dogs” (N), “shaking hands” (Af), “anger” (Ag),
Cartoon VII; “a toy dog” (N).
Cartoon VIII; “three dogs” (N), “protection” (Af),
Cartoon IX; “an unreal dog” (N), “scolding” (Ag), “fear” (F).
(N: neutral themes, Ag: themes toned with aggressiveness, F: a theme toned with fearfulness, Af: themes toned with affinity)
The perceptual sensitivity to each theme was judged in terms of the ambiguity of theme recognized. The S was judged as having neutral cognitive style when his (or her) sensitivity to the neutral theme was proved to be higher than to the emotionally toned themes. Similarly, each emotional cognitive style was determined.
In the previous studies (articles I and II) conducted by the author, it was proved that the repressors tended to show emotional cognitive styles and that the sensitizers tended to show neutral cognitive styles. And by the other studies (articles III and IV), it was proved that the children whose mothers are inhibitory in nature tended to show more emotional cognitive styles, and that they were more sensitive to those themes especially toned with “aggressiveness” and “fearfulness” than the ones whose mothers are receptive character.
In this study the author made a study on “the reciprocal relations between the selfcognition and the cognition of the outer world”, based on the results found by the studies shown in the articles I and II. In addition, those such as “aggressiveness”, “fearfulness” and “affinity” introduced in the articles III and IV were employed as stimuli to examine the sensitivity to the outer world. 60 male neurotics and 42 female neurotics were employed as the Ss for their noticeable defensiveness.. The self-images of the Ss were measured in order to examine their relations to the cognitive styles of the outer world.
Contrary to expectation, sex difference regarding the above mentioned relationships. were observed as seen in Figs. 1, 2 and 3: Judging from the significant results of the cognitive styles shown by the Ss on the stimulus dimensions of fearfulness vs. neutrality, it was found that females tended to show the “reciprocity” while males tended to show the “parallelism”. Furthermore, from the tendency of the cognitive styles shown by the Ss on the stimulus dimensions of aggressiveness vs. neutrality, it was found that females who have the aggressive self-image tended to be more sensitive or inversely more non-sensitive to the outer stimulus-emotionality of aggressiveness compared with females who have the non-aggressive self-image; but that males tended to show the inverse tendency. Together with the results found in the previous studies, these are interpreted as an indication of the existence of difference of sex that reflects social norms, which seem to bring about the intra-psychic conflicts accompanied by their emotional expressions. Further research should be carried out to confirm this point.
Right : A series of photographs, based on each of the Blacky Pictures and arranged in 14 stages from the vaguest to the clearest, was made. These photographs were used as test materials to measure the perceptual sensitivity and the cognitive styles, i.e., emotional vs. neutral styles. Considering their noticeable defensiveness, the neurotics were employed as the Ss. The Ss' self-images were examined from the viewpoint of their relations to the cognitive styles of the outer world. As the result, it was proved that females tended to show a reciprocal relation of self-cognition and the cognition of the outer world, but that males tended to show a parallel relation. Together with the results found in the previous studies, these results were interpreted as an indication of the tendency toward sex difference in social norms which bring about the intra-psychic conflicts which are accompanied by the emotional expressions.

Abstract

A series of photographs, based on each of the Blacky Pictures and arranged in 14 stages from the vaguest to the clearest, was made. These photographs were used as test materials to measure the perceptual sensitivity and the cognitive styles, i.e., emotional vs. neutral styles. Considering their noticeable defensiveness, the neurotics were employed as the Ss. The Ss' self-images were examined from the viewpoint of their relations to the cognitive styles of the outer world. As the result, it was proved that females tended to show a reciprocal relation of self-cognition and the cognition of the outer world, but that males tended to show a parallel relation. Together with the results found in the previous studies, these results were interpreted as an indication of the tendency toward sex difference in social norms which bring about the intra-psychic conflicts which are accompanied by the emotional expressions.

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