回避学習に及ぼす逆行性刺激とフィードバック刺激の効果について

福田 典雍

doi:10.4992/jjpsy.46.255

EFFECTS OF A BACKWARD AND A FEEDBACK STIMULUS ON BAR-PRESS AVOIDANCE LEARNING IN RATS

NORICHIKA FUKUDA

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JOURNAL FREE ACCESS

1975 Volume 46 Issue 5 Pages 255-263

DOI https://doi.org/10.4992/jjpsy.46.255

[Correction] The Japanese Journal of Psychology Vol.47 No.1 (1976) pp.56-56

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Published: January 31, 1976 Received: March 12, 1975 Available on J-STAGE: July 16, 2010 Accepted: - Advance online publication: - Revised: -
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Date of correction: July 16, 2010 Reason for correction: - Correction: ABSTRACT Details: Wrong : The main purpose of this study is to test a hypothesis that backward stimulus will acquire positive reinforcing properties in the aversive conditioning. The process of both acquisition and extinction is analyzed by introducing a stimulus (Backward Stimulus: BS, Feedback Stimulus: FS) to the bar-press avoidance learning situation.
Experiment: 152 male albino rats were used. All Ss were trained to avoid US (electric shock) by bar-pressing within 5 sec after the onset of CS (a clear tone). Both CS and US could be terminated by the escape response (Re). Grouping was made by the operation of the fixed 5 sec light stimulus (BS or FS) presentation immediately after the bar-press response. For the Backward Group the light stimulus (BS) was presented for both the escape and avoidance response. However, the Feedback Group was given the stimulus (FS) only for the avoidance response and was never given a pairing of US and FS. In the F. Group, BS or FS was given for all intertrial-interval spontaneous responses (SR). In the D. Group, the stimulus was not used at all for SR. In the Control Group, neither BS nor FS was used.
In the extinction stage, each group was further divided into 2 subgroups and US has been withdrawn. In Subgroup I, all animals were run under the same stimulus arrangement as the acquisition stage. In Subgroup II, any stimulus was not used except CS (see Fig. 1).
Animals were given avoidance training 5 trials per day. Acquisition criterion was to barpress within 5 sec from the CS onset more than 4 trials (80%) per day for 2 consecutive days. However, the Ss which did not achieve the acquisition criterion within 200 trials (40 days) were calculated as 200 trials and were not used in the extinction trials.
Extinction started 22-24 hr later: The procedure was similar to that of the acquisition training. Extinction criterion was to bar-press within 5 sec from the CS onset less than 1 trial (20%) per day for 2 consecutive days.
Not all the animals achieved the acquisition criterion within 40 days in the bar-press avoidance learning situation (see Table 1). Group differences were found in the mean response latencies in the last 10 trials before the acquisition criterion (see Tables 2, 4 and 6; Fig. 2). The degree of difficulty in avoidance learning increased in the order of Backward, Feedback and Control Group, and in the order of F., D. and Control Group. Similar results were found in extinction. In addition the stimulus contingency upon SR facilitated extinction (see Table 8; Fig. 3).
It may be concluded that (1) the hypothesis with regard to the backward conditioning was supported, (2) the stimulus contingent upon Re and Ra acquires positive reinforcing properties, and these properties have the accumulative effect, (3) concerning SR, stimulus contingency facilitated the acquisition of the avoidance response in the training stage, but extinction rapidly occurred, and (4) avoidance learning depends upon the positive reinforcing event.
Right : The purpose of this study is to test a hypothesis that the backward stimulus acquires positive reinforcing properties in aversive conditioning in terms of the stimuli on bar-press avoidance learning. Ss were 152 male rats. Backward, Feedback and Control Groups were made by operation of light stimulus. Each group was divided into F. and D. Groups, depending upon whether the stimulus is contingent upon spontaneous response. In the extinction stage, each group was further divided 2 subgroups. Subgroup I was run under the same stimulus arrangement as the acquisition stage, but the stimulus was not used in Subgroup II. Difficulty of acquisition increased in the order of Backward, Feedback and Control Groups. The hypothesis was supported: Concerning spontaneous response, stimulus contingency facilitated acquisition, but extinction occurred rapidly and the mechanism of avoidance learning was based on positive reinforcement.

Abstract

The purpose of this study is to test a hypothesis that the backward stimulus acquires positive reinforcing properties in aversive conditioning in terms of the stimuli on bar-press avoidance learning. Ss were 152 male rats. Backward, Feedback and Control Groups were made by operation of light stimulus. Each group was divided into F. and D. Groups, depending upon whether the stimulus is contingent upon spontaneous response. In the extinction stage, each group was further divided 2 subgroups. Subgroup I was run under the same stimulus arrangement as the acquisition stage, but the stimulus was not used in Subgroup II. Difficulty of acquisition increased in the order of Backward, Feedback and Control Groups. The hypothesis was supported: Concerning spontaneous response, stimulus contingency facilitated acquisition, but extinction occurred rapidly and the mechanism of avoidance learning was based on positive reinforcement.

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