Characteristics of Patients with Severe COVID-19 Who Walked Independently upon Discharge

Abstract

Objective：Independent walking is crucial for critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients to return home. We aimed to investigate the characteristics of patients with severe COVID-19 who could walk independently upon discharge.

Methods：This study included 26 patients with severe COVID-19 who were admitted to our ICU between April 2020 and September 2023. Patient background, ICU progress, and outcome-related events were compared between the independent and dependent groups.

Results：Compared to the dependent group, the independent group had a lower pre-admission clinical frailty scale score (2.0 [2.0-2.5] vs. 3.0 [2.5-3.0]) and shorter time to start standing (seven days [6-9] vs. 13 days [11-17]) and walking (10 days [8-11] vs. 20 days [13-50]). Functional status scores in the ICU (28±5. vs. 12±9) and ICU mobility scale (8 [8-10] vs. 5 [3-7]) were higher upon ICU discharge, while the duration of ventilator management (seven [4-9] vs. nine [8-18] days) and ICU length of stay (10 [10-14] vs. 17 [15-23] days) were shorter. They had fewer complications (two [18.2％] vs. 12 [80.0％]) and higher return-to-home rates (10 [90.9％] vs. two [13.3％]).

Conclusion：Patients with severe COVID-19 who walked independently upon discharge had lower pre-admission frailty, fewer complications, shorter ventilator management duration, early mobilization, higher physical activity upon ICU discharge, shorter ICU stay, and higher return-to-home rates.