静岡空港における低層ウィンドシアの発生メカニズムの解明

抄録

Low-level wind shear poses a risk of hard landings and accidents for aircraft in the landing phase. Predicting such low-level wind shear is challenging without clearly understanding its mechanisms. To clarify the mechanism of low-level wind shear generation at Shizuoka Airport, where wind shear warnings are frequently activated, we comprehensively compared and verified data from aircraft onboard record data (Quick Access Recorder), Doppler lidar observations, and numerical simulation analysis. The results revealed that strong westerly winds at the airport are induced by downdrafts caused by the descent of the upper stable layer due to the influence of the terrain along the wind path. These strong winds are disturbed by the hill located at the southeastern end of the airport, creating a weak wind zone along the landing path. This downdraft and weak wind zone suggest an environment conducive to activating wind shear warnings. Since wind shear is attributed to meteorological and topographical factors, pressure patterns and wind directions/speeds that easily lead to strong winds can be utilized for wind shear prediction. Additionally, knowing the location of the weak wind zone may help identify areas where the pilot should pay attention during maneuvers, potentially reducing the pilot's workload.