Abstract
In Japan, retail electricity suppliers are required to notify their daily electricity supply schedules relying on uncertain information, creating a risk of imbalance in power supply and demand. As a solution to this problem, the utilization of distributed energy resources that are ubiquitous in electric power grids is attracting attention. A typical resource is electricity demand, which can be coordinated by energy resource aggregators under demand response programs (DRs). On the other hand, as customers cooperate with the DRs, their contracted retail electricity suppliers lose the opportunity to sell electricity. Therefore, the energy resource aggregators need to financially offset the opportunity losses of the retail electricity suppliers. This is the compensation for negawatt electricity trading. The authors propose a method for calculating the monetary unit of negawatt compensation that takes into account the equality of profit distribution between the retail electricity suppliers and the energy resource aggregators. In the proposal, electricity trading is represented using a framework of social welfare maximization, allowing the value of changes in the profits of retail electricity suppliers, energy resource aggregators, and customers to be measured. This property is exploited to define the optimal unit of negawatt compensation based on the Nash bargaining solution.
