抄録
Synthetic methane (e-methane) can contribute to supplying carbon-neutral heat and electricity while utilizing existing technologies and infrastructures. This study investigates the role of e-methane in Japan’s energy system by 2050. The author employs an energy system optimization model that encompasses the entire energy system with detailed modeling for e-methane supply (e.g., innovative e-methane productions and e-methane imports) and consumption (e.g., industry, transport, and power generation). Key findings include the following three points. First, imported e-methane would be a cost-effective option for industries and buildings. In the industry, fuel switching from coal and oil to natural gas in the medium term and then to e-methane in the longer term is estimated to be cost-effective for decarbonizing heat demand. Electrification is important for buildings, although e-methane can be a part of the optimal final energy mix. Second, our results imply the potential of e-methane as a fuel for large-scale power generation, whereas e-methane for road transport is projected to be modest. Finally, this study found that the innovative e-methane production process can reduce the CO2 abatement cost by 7%-16% in 2050. E-methane is estimated to improve the economic feasibility of net-zero CO2 energy systems.
