An attempt of program-process-product research in physical education

Through analysis of two soccer units with different teacher initiative

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine teacher initiative effect to the learning product, by applying to ‘program-process-product research system’.
Each of the units had a different teacher and teacher initiative. Unit A applied ‘Stepping-up style’, where the teacher provided clear tasks for children, and used two games developmentally. Unit B applied ‘Stage style’, where the teacher respected the children's independence, and used only one game through this unit. The result of analysis showed that unit A got higher learning product than unit B.
In conclusion, by applying ‘program-process-product research system’, we obtained suggestions as follows:
1) Program had effected to learning process and product.
2) Teacher initiative had an effect on the learning product through the program and process. Concretely, we found that it was important to arrange teaching materials developmentally, and to provide clear tasks for children.