小児急性中耳炎における薬剤耐性菌分離頻度の変化

―2011年〜2015年―

抄録

Strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae or Haemophilus influenzae detected in the nasopharyngeal flora of 864 infant patients treated in our hospital for acute otitis media from 2011 to 2015 were examined. The frequency of detection of drug-resistant S. pneumoniae (DRSP) showed a significant decrease, from 48% in 2011–2012 to 32% in 2014–2015. The detection frequency of ampicillin (ABPC)-resistant H. influenzae remained constant at 77% in 2011–2012 and 76% in 2014–2015. The relevance of detection frequency of drug-resistant bacteria in patients <3 years of age and those ≥3 years of age is as follows: there was a significant difference in DRSP and no significant difference in ABPC-resistant H. influenzae from 2011–2012; no significant differences were noted in DRSP, and a significant difference was noted in ABPC-resistant H. influenzae from 2014–2015. The relevance of detection frequency of drug-resistant bacteria and group nursing are as follows: there was a significant difference in both types of bacteria from 2011–2012; no significant differences were noted in DRSP, and a significant difference was noted in ABPC-resistant H. influenzae from 2014–2015. The changes in the detection frequency of DRSP in the present study were due to administration of the pneumococcal vaccine; however, trends of drug-resistance among these bacteria must be closely monitored in the future.