Abstract
In Japan, industry-academia-government (I-A-G) collaboration started in earnest when the Science and Technology Basic Law was enacted in 1995. The next 15-plus years have seen activities of universities progress and achieve fruitful results. Meanwhile, there are not a few challenges. For the future the Government needs to establish the Innovation Ecosystem in such a form as appropriate for Japan and consider the modalities of I-A-G collaboration. For this purpose it is necessary for the Government to promote its policy measures while elaborating the way of evaluation and information dissemination. Universities are expected to promote their reform while making functional differentiation as well as promote collaboration including the one with humanities and the one in the area of education, with activities of I-A-G collaboration positioned as one of the universities' social contributions on a par with education and research.
