This invited lecture begins with a simple briefing of the topics which have been presented in the Special Interest Program C: Jazz Up Your Process: Technology to Reduce Component Variation in the PM2TEC2001 held in New Orleans last May. Then the régime of the content in our presentation there follows, in which it is emphatically concluded that (1) the characterization and quantitative assessment of pores should be methodologically developed and established so that the quantification make it possible to compare correctly and discuss suitably with relationships to operation factors and product characteristics in powder metallurgy, and (2) systematic researches of this kind are important and should be further progressed.